Blocking Property of Persons Undermining the Sovereignty of Lebanon or Its Democratic Processes and Institutions

Executive Order 13441 of August 1, 2007

Blocking Property of Persons Undermining the
Sovereignty of Lebanon or Its Democratic Processes and
Institutions

By the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States of
America, including the International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)(IEEPA), the
National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)(NEA),
and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,

I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of
America, determine that the actions of certain persons
to undermine Lebanon's legitimate and democratically
elected government or democratic institutions, to
contribute to the deliberate breakdown in the rule of
law in Lebanon, including through politically motivated
violence and intimidation, to reassert Syrian control
or contribute to Syrian interference in Lebanon, or to
infringe upon or undermine Lebanese sovereignty
contribute to political and economic instability in
that country and the region and constitute an unusual
and extraordinary threat to the national security and
foreign policy of the United States, and I hereby
declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
I hereby order:

Section 1. (a) Except to the extent provided in section
203(b)(1), (3), and (4) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(1),
(3), and (4)), or in regulations, orders, directives,
or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order,
and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any
license or permit granted prior to the date of this
order, all property and interests in property that are
in the United States, that hereafter come within the
United States, or that are or hereafter come within the
possession or control of any United States person,
including any overseas branch, of the following persons
are blocked and may not be transferred, paid, exported,
withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in:

(i) any person determined by the Secretary of the
Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State:

(A) to have taken, or to pose a significant risk of taking, actions,
including acts of violence, that have the purpose or effect of undermining
Lebanon's democratic processes or institutions, contributing to the
breakdown of the rule of law in Lebanon, supporting the reassertion of
Syrian control or otherwise contributing to Syrian interference in Lebanon,
or infringing upon or undermining Lebanese sovereignty;

(B) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial,
material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of,
such actions, including acts of violence, or any person whose property and
interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order;

(C) to be a spouse or dependent child of any person whose property and
interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order; or

(D) to be owned or controlled by, or acting or purporting to act for or on
behalf of, directly or indirectly, any person whose property and interests
in property are blocked pursuant to this order.

(b) I hereby determine that the making of donations of
the type of articles specified in section 203(b)(2) of
IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(2)) by, to, or for the benefit
of any person whose property and interests in property
are blocked pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section
would seriously impair

my ability to deal with the national emergency declared
in this order, and I hereby prohibit such donations as
provided by paragraph (a) of this section.

(c)The prohibitions in paragraph (a) of this section
include but are not limited to (i) the making of any
contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services
by, to, or for the benefit of any person whose property
and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this
order, and (ii) the receipt of any contribution or
provision of funds, goods, or services from any such
person.

Sec. 2. (a) Any transaction by a United States person
or within the United States that evades or avoids, has
the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to
violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order
is prohibited.

(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the
prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.

Sec. 3. For the purposes of this order:

(a) the term “person” means an individual or entity;

(b) the term “entity” means a partnership,
association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group,
subgroup, or other organization; and

(c) the term “United States person” means any United
States citizen, permanent resident alien, entity
organized under the laws of the United States or any
jurisdiction within the United States (including
foreign branches), or any person in the United States.

Sec. 4. For those persons whose property and interests
in property are blocked pursuant to this order who
might have a constitutional presence in the United
States, I find that, because of the ability to transfer
funds or other assets instantaneously, prior notice to
such persons of measures to be taken pursuant to this
order would render these measures ineffectual. I
therefore determine that, for these measures to be
effective in addressing the national emergency declared
in this order, there need be no prior notice of a
listing or determination made pursuant to section 1 of
this order.

Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation
with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to
take such actions, including the promulgation of rules
and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to
the President by IEEPA, as may be necessary to carry
out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the
Treasury may redelegate any of these functions to other
officers and agencies of the United States Government,
consistent with applicable law. All agencies of the
United States Government are hereby directed to take
all appropriate measures within their authority to
carry out the provisions of this order and, where
appropriate, to advise the Secretary of the Treasury in
a timely manner of the measures taken. The Secretary of
the Treasury shall ensure compliance with those
provisions of section 401 of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1641)
applicable to the Department of the Treasury in
relation to this order.

Sec. 6. The Secretary of the Treasury, after
consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby
authorized to submit the recurring and final reports to
the Congress on the national emergency declared in this
order, consistent with section 401(c) of the NEA (50
U.S.C. 1641(c)) and section 204(c) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C.
1703(c)).

Sec. 7. This order is not intended to create, nor does
it create, any right, benefit, or privilege,
substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in
equity by any party against the United States, its
departments, agencies, instrumentalities, or entities,
its officers or employees, or any other person.

    (Presidential Sig.)

THE WHITE HOUSE,

    August 1, 2007.